Minerals from Brazil

Brazil is one of the most important sources of mineral specimens and gemstones globally. The country has large and diverse geological formations, particularly pegmatites, which have produced a huge variety of material over the years.

Minas Gerais is probably the best-known mineral-producing region. It has yielded some exceptional specimens of tourmaline, topaz (especially the imperial variety), quartz, beryl (including aquamarine and heliodor), and spodumene. The quartz crystals from here can be enormous, often clear, and occasionally included with rutile, hematite, or chlorite.

Brazil is also a major source of gem-quality amethyst, especially from the southern states like Rio Grande do Sul. Geodes lined with deep purple amethyst crystals are commonly sold, and some specimens can be quite large and attractive.

Other interesting minerals include euclase, phenakite, and a range of phosphate species found in pegmatites. I’ve also seen good specimens of brazilianite, which is named after the country and can form sharp yellow-green crystals.

Much of the good-quality tourmaline and topaz is cut for the gem trade, but some specimen-grade crystals are available, usually through dealers with connections in Minas Gerais.

One of my favourite combinations from the country is the rutile and hematite six pointed stars found in Minas Gerais. Small specimens can be found for a few pounds, although these are usually only partial stars.

Locality information can be vague on some material, especially if it’s come through cutting centres, but many older or higher-end pieces will be labelled with specific mine names.

In 2019, mining accounted for 2.4% of Brazilian GDP, but this could likely be increased.

Brazil