Fossils from Madagascar

Madagascar has a diverse and well-preserved fossil record, covering both marine and terrestrial environments from the Triassic through to the Cretaceous.

The Sakamena Group, which dates to the Permian and Triassic, is especially important. It preserves a range of early terrestrial vertebrates, including primitive amphibians and reptiles, as well as fossil plants. The formation is a key reference point for understanding Gondwanan ecosystems.

Madagascar is also very well known for its wide variety of ammonites, particularly from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. These are typically found in limestone and shale deposits in the western part of the island. The ammonites vary greatly in size, ornamentation, and preservation, and are frequently collected both for study and for the fossil trade.

Some specimens show remarkable detail, and Madagascar remains one of the most prolific sources of decorative and scientifically interesting ammonites on the market.

One notable thing about fossil export laws in Madagascar is that specimens are meant to be ‘worked’ for legal export, providing jobs to the country. While this does make sense, it unfortunately also means most of the ammonites from the country are either polished or have had the last few chambers sawn off.

Other notable finds from the island include dinosaurs, early birds, and Cretaceous marine reptiles. Overall, Madagascar’s fossil record offers a unique glimpse into ancient ecosystems of southern Gondwana.

Madagascar